| uqpxrpu| , 1 p} . E|y wu y~
y {pz~uz }uu |pqy xpryy} ~pwu~y/p (U/f2=const) . Oq
trp~yu ,
}u~u~yu y~px~z }uy r uu}u~~z { t
sz yy~u ~z , p y}u~~ }up~yx} ~uur~s }puyp|p , tpu rx}w~ q|uu u} u}
r~}y r rxy }}u~
y |wu~y p r yu}
rt~pqwu~y , u} ~p 5 %) . B y tp~~ uqpxrpu| p ~p~s psuspp ~ywpu ~usuq|u~yu uu y y}u~u~yu p~ uqpxrpu|uz p y yx r}yu| (yyp) {}p~yuz General Electric r t|yu|~} {~|y
u}} uwy}u su~upp-uqpxrpu| , xtprpu}u y~y{} ry sp}~y{ , t| us
|yrp~y }u~uu 1% . I~ru
zr t| qu
u~ps us
|yrp~y yrtr , u~ r{y }~uz : Tzrp quuuqz~s yp~y }~ q|uu u~|sy~u y~ru {p y}u |w~
{~
{y , {p~ p~r , qux tpy{r qp~z |y~yy sus rt~pqwu~y , {yyu~ }~y ~usuq|u~y p~tp~s ~pwu~y : 10 %) y . E|y }~y , yx}u~y yxrtyu|~ ~p~s psuspp . Py}u~u~yu wu |u rrtp ys~p|r y/y|y }u EMC-y| . Xp~z uqpxrpu| - |
rt~y{rz uqpxrpu| p rpu~y . Py {p|~}
pr|u~yy }y
t~|~u
u~pu {yru ~pwu~y . R
ur
q|u y| ~ps
x{ px~s yp p u{yry{y rqyp tryspu|y uu}u~~s {p , u
|
wq p|~y{r
|~u~yz , xp ~p~} psusp} , }|u~~u }y{u) ,@u}~ uqpxrpu|uz p uqpxrpu| Kp{pt~z N-}rz uqpxrpu| }wu q up|yxrp~ t| tywu~y su~y , ru{~}
pr|u~yu} (IGCT) . Bq y~rup , tprpu}
~p q|
wyrp~yu yrtr , rqyp rur
{}qy~py {|uz ~ptqyu y~rup t|w~ rup px|y~} uqrp~y} p{y} qpx} p~ us
|y
u}z |u{yrt r ~utryw~} ~yy . B tp~~} uqpxrpu|u . B y pp}ur u~|syu{s up p~r tp~ . E|y rp} ~
w~ t| ru~y|r . K|pyu{y} uu~yu} p{z tt xr|u u~y ~ptuw~ pq y~}py~~ yu} . Rru}u~~u utu|u~yu |u{yrtp y|r}y |u{~~}y {|p}y y|y p~ us
|y
u} yrtp |u{yrt} , p |u{~~} q} . ^|u{~usy , p{ y r{
~ p~r{y yrtp
yxrtyu| . Twu r 4-5 px urpyz ~}y~p|~z ~p xtprpu}z ~ps~upu|u} , p {|yur uu{ }wu y}p|~ ~ppyrp t pr|u~~
xptp
y ~ywu~yu uuptp tpr|u~y r px|y~ }py~ t|~yu|~s sytpr|yu{s yr|u~y , |utrpu|~ , quuyrpu qu
}~ y ~ywu~yu
u{y wps rxt
p (xp u pty uwy}r py~p|~ pqp qp~}y rx}y . Nu{u ryt ~ps
x{y ru~y|~s pp{up ~ps
x{y q}{y tryspu| . . Apxr} |u}u~} |qs |u{yrtp r rytu |u{yu{s }wu~y quuyrpu px|y~u uwy}
pr|u~y , uyp|yxyrp~~u {~||u) . K}u ptyy~~s , utpr|u qz {pz~uz }uu |pqy xpryy} ~pwu~y/p (U/f2=const) . Syy~} y}u}
zr } }y{u}
pr|u~y uqpxrpu|
ur|u@u}~ uqpxrpu|uz uqpxrpu| |
wy t| ~ps
x{ yx}u~u~yu} yxrty-u|~y u} ~p twu . T}u~u~~p |sy ~pxrpu pxuwu~~z }py~z uqpxrpu| tty t|
pr|u~y pz , {p{ r~yx , s|pwyrpu , p xtp~y uyp|yxyrp~~ y~usp|~ u} y~rur : ^|u{yrt - }u~yu spqpy , xtpuz {y , rtu| trp rx}w~ ~y rt~s ~pwu~y , |y , uu yx trz~ yy~ uqpxrpu|uz Dr
r~urz y~ru r|u }uw
~} xru~} ~~s {p . Pr|u rx}w~ q|uu u
r~uz rt~s ys~p|p . O~pu~yu |u{yrtp (t{pxp~ , }p , uytyu{y {}}
y
u} p{y} qpx} , r |
pu ~p
~p xpwy}p ~ps
x{y y}u |
yu {pxpu|y y~uyy t|wp| rqt~u rpu~yu . R
ur
u ~u{|{ s
y~rur tyspu yx}u~u~yu} |pty y}
|p |
r|~ . Puqpxrpu|y p , y |u~{ , y q|z qu} ry|u~yz u} , y uqpxrpu|y pc }~ q|uu u~|sy~u y~ru ,
}u~pu rt~
p
~
|urz {y , p p{wu |
p y
{u , pt
u}
~p q}{p |u{tryspu| ({p{ pry| , rt~u ~pwu~yu
u~~z } ys~p|r }tu| y q|u y| rpyp~r u~y u} y~rur tyspu
u} y|xrp~y
pr|u}s py~~~s tryspu| , uqpx
us ~~z { }|u~~z pr}py{y y ru~y|r y|x
u trz~u uqpxrp~yu uu}u~~s ~pwu~y , ~uqty} {}}y . Vy yxqu|
~z ru~y| . B p|~u@prom-electric.ru/articles/1/1/
|